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The Committee notes that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:
Article 1(1)(a) and (b) and (3) of the Convention. Prohibition of discrimination in employment and occupation. The Committee notes that section 3 of the Labour Code 2006 prohibits all direct and indirect discrimination in employment and occupation based on sex, race, colour, religion, ethnic belonging, political and philosophical opinion, social origin, legal status, national extraction, health status or disability. It also notes that section 39 of the new Code specifically prohibits discrimination on the basis of origin, sex, morals, family situation, ethnic, national or racial belonging, political opinion, trade union or association activity, or religious belief, health status and disability with respect to recruitment, disciplinary sanctions or dismissal. Section 42 requires company managers to take the necessary measures to prevent acts committed in violation of sections 39 and 40 (sexual harassment) of the Labour Act. The Committee asks the Government to confirm that the protection against discrimination in section 3 of the Labour Code 2006 also covers discrimination with respect to terms and conditions of employment, as well as access to vocational training. It also asks the Government to provide information on the measures taken by employers to prevent discrimination in the workplace in accordance with section 42 of the Code.
Article 1(1)(a). Sexual harassment. The Committee notes that section 40 of the new Labour Code 2006 prohibits dismissal of or sanctions against an employee for having refused quid pro quo sexual harassment by an employer, his or her representative or any other person. The Committee notes that section 40 only provides limited protection against sexual harassment as it still does not include sexual harassment due to a hostile working environment. The Committee refers the Government to its general observation of 2002 and asks the Government to take the necessary measures to amend section 40 of the Labour Code 2006 so as to also provide protection against sexual harassment due to a hostile working environment. The Government is also requested to provide copies of the action plans for the protection and promotion of women, which include protection against sexual harassment, as well as information on the results achieved in the effective prevention of, and protection against, sexual harassment in the workplace.
Discrimination on the basis of sex. The Committee recalls the Government’s previous statement that the new draft of the Family Code would improve the status of women and aims to make the national legislation compatible with the provisions of the Convention. The Committee asks the Government to provide information on the progress made with respect to the adoption of the Family Code.
The Committee hopes that a report will be supplied for examination at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters above, as well as the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read, in relevant parts, as follows:
…
Articles 2 and 3(e). Equality of treatment. Access of women to vocational training and education. The Committee notes the statistics highlighting the progress made with regard to the access of women and girls to education and vocational training. It thanks the Government for these data but notes that they also indicate that inequalities between men and women continue to persist. The Committee notes the action taken by the Government to encourage girls to subscribe to more technical training courses and to address sex stereotypes in education. It asks the Government to provide information on the impact of these activities, as well as any other measures to counter practical obstacles to girls’ education on the attendance of girls at the various levels and types of education. Please also provide practical information on the number of women that benefited from the training by the Regional Centres for Technical Education and Vocational Training and who have created their own enterprise.
Article 3(d). Employment of women in the public sector. The Committee notes that women’s share of the public sector employees is only 21.4 per cent and that they are concentrated in the health and education ministries. They also represent only about 12 per cent of the employees in levels A1 and A2 respectively and are underrepresented in decision-making posts, including in the education sector where a relatively higher number of women are being employed. The Committee notes the activities undertaken with the help of civil society and trade unions to promote female leadership. It asks the Government to provide information on how these have helped women to move into higher level posts, including in the education sector. Noting with some concern that the 1996–2005 Action Plan for the Advancement of Women has not been implemented due to lack of financial resources, the Committee hopes that the Government will be in a position in the future to allocate the necessary resources to carry out the plan. In the meantime, the Government is asked to continue its efforts to promote the upward mobility of women and their access to a wider variety of jobs in the public sector.
Article 3(b). Educational programmes. The Committee asks the Government to provide details on the information and training programmes carried out by the Ministry of Social Affairs and the Promotion of Women, the Ministry for Human Rights and the Ministry of Labour to disseminate the principle contained in the Convention.
Part V of the report form. Practical application with respect to national extraction, race and colour. The Committee reiterates its previous request to the Government to provide information on any measure taken or envisaged to eliminate discriminatory practices against ethnic minorities in private sector hiring, as these practices constitute an obstacle to the application of the Convention.
The Committee notes with regret that the Government’s report has not been received. However, it notes that a new Labour Code was adopted in 2006.
Article 1, paragraph 1(a) and (b) and paragraph 3, of the Convention. Prohibition of discrimination in employment and occupation. The Committee notes with interest that section 3 of the Labour Code 2006 prohibits all direct and indirect discrimination in employment and occupation based on sex, race, colour, religion, ethnic belonging, political and philosophical opinion, social origin, legal status, national extraction, health status or disability. It also notes that section 39 of the new Code specifically prohibits discrimination on the basis of origin, sex, morals, family situation, ethnic, national or racial belonging, political opinion, trade union or association activity, or religious belief, health status and disability with respect to recruitment, disciplinary sanctions or dismissal. Section 42 requires company managers to take the necessary measures to prevent acts committed in violation of sections 39 and 40 (sexual harassment) of the Labour Act. The Committee asks the Government to confirm that the protection against discrimination in section 3 of the Labour Code 2006 also covers discrimination with respect to terms and conditions of employment, as well as access to vocational training. It also asks the Government to provide information on the measures taken by employers to prevent discrimination in the workplace in accordance with section 42 of the Code.
Article 1, paragraph 1(a). Sexual harassment. The Committee notes that section 40 of the new Labour Code 2006 prohibits dismissal of or sanctions against an employee for having refused quid pro quo sexual harassment by an employer, his or her representative or any other person. The Committee notes that section 40 only provides limited protection against sexual harassment as it still does not include sexual harassment due to a hostile working environment. The Committee refers the Government to its general observation of 2002 and asks the Government to take the necessary measures to amend section 40 of the Labour Code 2006 so as to also provide protection against sexual harassment due to a hostile working environment. The Government is also requested to provide copies of the action plans for the protection and promotion of women, which include protection against sexual harassment, as well as information on the results achieved in the effective prevention of, and protection against, sexual harassment in the workplace.
The Committee notes with regret that the Government’s report has not been received. It hopes that a report will be supplied for examination by the Committee at its next session and that it will contain full information on the matters raised in its previous direct request, which read as follows:
1. Article 1(1)(a) of the Convention. Sexual harassment. The Committee notes that section 63 of the draft Labour Code prohibits dismissal of or sanctions against an employee for having refused quid pro quo sexual harassment by an employer, his or her representative or any other person. The Committee welcomes this provision but notes that section 63 does not include sexual harassment due to a hostile working environment. The Committee hopes that the Government will take the opportunity to insert such provisions in the draft Labour Code. Noting further from the Government’s report that the action plans for the protection and promotion of women include the issue of sexual harassment, the Government is asked to provide copies of the plans and information on the results achieved as to the effective protection of sexual harassment in the workplace.
2. Article 1(1)(a) and (3). Prohibition of discrimination in employment and occupation. The Committee notes that section 3 of the draft Labour Code prohibits all discrimination in employment and occupation. It also notes that draft section 62 prohibits discrimination on the basis of “origin, sex, morals, family situation, ethnic, national or racial belonging, political opinion, trade union or association activity, or religious belief” only with respect to recruitment, disciplinary sanctions or dismissal and that section 67 protects against discrimination in dismissal on the basis of all the Convention’s grounds. The Committee asks the Government to indicate how protection will be afforded against discrimination outside recruitment and dismissal practices and disciplinary sanctions, such as in conditions of employment. Noting also that sections 62, 63 and 67 of the draft Labour Code only apply to workers with a permanent contract, the Committee asks the Government to indicate how workers with temporary contracts will be protected against sexual harassment and discrimination in recruitment and dismissal. It also hopes that the Government will use the ongoing revision of the Labour Code as an opportunity to bring its legislation into full conformity with the requirements of the Convention.
3. Discrimination on the basis of sex. The Committee notes with interest the Government’s statement that the new draft of the Family Code improves the status of women and aims to make the national legislation compatible with the provisions of the Convention. It asks the Government to provide a copy of the Code, once adopted.
4. Articles 2 and 3(e). Equality of treatment – Access of women to vocational training and education. The Committee notes the statistics highlighting the progress made with regard to the access of women and girls to education and vocational training. It thanks the Government for these data but notes that they also indicate that inequalities between men and women continue to persist. The Committee notes the action taken by the Government to encourage girls to subscribe to more technical training courses and to address sex stereotypes in education. It asks the Government to provide information on the impact of these activities, as well as any other measures to counter practical obstacles to girls’ education on the attendance of girls at the various levels and types of education. Please also provide practical information on the number of women that benefited from the training by the Regional Centres for Technical Education and Vocational Training and who have created their own enterprise.
5. Article 3(d). Employment of women in the public sector. The Committee notes that women’s share of the public sector employees is only 21.4 per cent and that they are concentrated in the health and education ministries. They also represent only about 12 per cent of the employees in levels A1 and A2 respectively and are underrepresented in decision-making posts, including in the education sector where a relatively higher number of women are being employed. The Committee notes the activities undertaken with the help of civil society and trade unions to promote female leadership. It asks the Government to provide information on how these have helped women to move into higher level posts, including in the education sector. Noting with some concern that the 1996–2005 Action Plan for the Advancement of Women has not been implemented due to lack of financial resources, the Committee hopes that the Government will be in a position in the future to allocate the necessary resources to carry out the plan. In the meantime, the Government is asked to continue its efforts to promote the upward mobility of women and their access to a wider variety of jobs in the public sector.
6. Article 3(b). Educational programmes. The Committee asks the Government to provide details on the information and training programmes carried out by the Ministry of Social Affairs and the Promotion of Women, the Ministry for Human Rights and the Ministry of Labour to disseminate the principle contained in the Convention.
7. Part V of the report form. Practical application with respect to national extraction, race and colour. The Committee reiterates its previous request to the Government to provide information on any measure taken or envisaged to eliminate discriminatory practices against ethnic minorities in private sector hiring, as these practices constitute an obstacle to the application of the Convention.
5. Article 3(d). Employment of women in the public sector. The Committee notes that women’s share of the public sector employees is only 21.4 per cent and that they are concentrated in the health and education ministries. They also represent only about 12 per cent of the employees in levels A1 and A2 respectively and are underrepresented in decision-making posts, including in the education sector where a relatively higher number of women are being employed. The Committee notes the activities undertaken with the help of civil society and trade unions to promote female leadership. It asks the Government to provide information on how these have helped women to move into higher-level posts, including in the education sector. Noting with some concern that the 1996-2005 Action Plan for the Advancement of Women has not been implemented due to lack of financial resources, the Committee hopes that the Government will be in a position in the future to allocate the necessary resources to carry out the plan. In the meantime, the Government is asked to continue its efforts to promote the upward mobility of women and their access to a wider variety of jobs in the public sector.
2. Article 1(1)(a) and (3). Prohibition of discrimination in employment and occupation. The Committee notes that section 3 of the draft Labour Code prohibits all discrimination in employment and occupation. It also notes that draft section 62 prohibits discrimination on the basis of "origin, sex, morals, family situation, ethnic, national or racial belonging, political opinion, trade union or association activity, or religious belief" only with respect to recruitment, disciplinary sanctions or dismissal and that section 67 protects against discrimination in dismissal on the basis of all the Convention’s grounds. The Committee asks the Government to indicate how protection will be afforded against discrimination outside recruitment and dismissal practices and disciplinary sanctions, such as in conditions of employment. Noting also that sections 62, 63 and 67 of the draft Labour Code only apply to workers with a permanent contract, the Committee asks the Government to indicate how workers with temporary contracts will be protected against sexual harassment and discrimination in recruitment and dismissal. It also hopes that the Government will use the ongoing revision of the Labour Code as an opportunity to bring its legislation into full conformity with the requirements of the Convention.
4. Articles 2 and 3(e). Equality of treatment - Access of women to vocational training and education. The Committee notes the statistics highlighting the progress made with regard to the access of women and girls to education and vocational training. It thanks the Government for these data but notes that they also indicate that inequalities between men and women continue to persist. The Committee notes the actions taken by the Government to encourage girls to subscribe to more technical training courses and to address sex stereotypes in education. It asks the Government to provide information on the impact of these activities, as well as any other measures to counter practical obstacles to girls’ education on the attendance of girls at the various levels and types of education. Please also provide practical information on the number of women that benefited from the training by the Regional Centres for Technical Education and Vocational Training and who have created their own enterprise.
5. Article 3(d). Employment of women in the public sector. The Committee notes that women’s share of the public sector employees is only 21.4 per cent and that they are concentrated in the health and education ministries. They also only represent about 12 per cent of the employees in levels A1 and A2 respectively and are underrepresented in decision-making posts, including in the education sector where a relatively higher number of women are being employed. The Committee notes the activities undertaken with the help of civil society and trade unions to promote female leadership and asks the Government to provide information on how these have helped women to move into higher-level posts, including in the education sector. Noting with some concern that the 1996-2005 Action Plan for the Advancement of Women has not been implemented due to lack of financial resources, the Committee hopes that the Government will be in a position in the future to allocate the necessary resources to carry out the plan. In the meantime, the Government is asked to continue its efforts to promote the upward mobility of women and their access to a wider variety of jobs in the public sector.
The Committee notes the Government’s report.
1. The Committee notes the observations by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR) of 21 May 2001 (E/C.12/1/Add.61) expressing concern at women’s status in Togolese society. This committee observes that, although the Constitution states that all are equal before the law, women continue to suffer widespread discrimination with regard to the right to education, social security, protection of the family and practices deriving from traditional law.
2. With reference to its previous comments, the Committee recalls that the Government devised and implemented a number of programmes for the advancement of women by measures which include promoting access for girls and young women to education at all levels and to technical training. The Committee again asks the Government to supply precise information on specific measures under way or envisaged to counter obstacles of a social nature to the promotion of equality in practice, such as parental reticence to the education of girls, particularly in rural areas, or prejudice preventing the access of women to certain jobs.
3. The Committee further stresses the need to obtain reliable statistical data on the school attendance rate of girls and on the number of women in jobs in the private sector and the public sector. The Committee points out that where inequality of opportunity in employment and education is overlooked because it is inadequately reported and reflected in statistics, effective application of the Convention is negatively affected.
4. The Committee notes that the Government intends to send with future reports the studies conducted under the 1996-2005 Action Plan for the Advancement of Women and to report on progress in this area. It takes note of the information concerning the drafting of a new Labour Code and asks the Government to report on progress made with the draft and in prohibiting discrimination in employment and occupation.
5. The Committee notes from the report of the CESCR the persistence of systematic discrimination between the various ethnic minorities living in Togo which is evident in private sector hiring practices, inter alia. The Committee accordingly asks the Government to provide information on any measures taken or envisaged to eliminate such discriminatory practices, which constitute another obstacle to the application of the Convention.
The Committee notes the information contained in the Government's report, and also the documents annexed thereto.
1. The Committee notes, in particular, from the report entitled "The Situation of Women in UEMOA Member Countries" of the General Directorate for the Promotion of Women, that the Government has elaborated and implemented a certain number of programmes for the promotion of women, including measures to encourage the access of girls to education (such as the reductions in expenses related to schooling for girls established under Inter-Ministerial Order No. 123/MENR/MFP) and of young women to education at all levels, as well as to technical training. The Committee expresses the hope that the Government will continue its promotion efforts and also collect statistical information of the type included in the report mentioned above, and keep it informed thereon. It further hopes that the Government will supply information regarding specific measures undertaken or envisaged to counter obstacles of a social nature to the promotion of equality in practice, such as parental reticence regarding the education of girls, especially prevalent in rural areas, or prejudices preventing the access of women to certain jobs. In particular, the Committee would like to know whether there are programmes to increase public awareness of the utility and need to achieve this equality.
2. The Committee also repeats the request for information it expressed in its previous direct request, regarding the first activities undertaken as part of the 1996-2005 action plan for the promotion of women, any additional studies which may have been carried out and progress already achieved under the plan.
3. The Committee notes that a new Labour Code is in preparation and that the draft contains the prohibition of all discrimination in respect of employment and occupation. It asks the Government to keep it informed on the development of this draft, and recalls that the Government may, if it so desires, request advice and comments on the conformity of any draft legislation which it is on the point of adopting with the Conventions that it has ratified.
The Committee regrets that the Government's very brief report merely states that the statistics requested by the Committee in its previous comment will be sent as soon as available, and does not reply fully to the outstanding comment beyond referring to the attached copy of the National Report submitted in Beijing, 1995.
1. With reference to the participation of women in employment, in particular in the public sector, the Committee notes that, according to the National Report, a high proportion of female employment in the public service relates to office workers, teachers and public health officials, and that despite their abilities and enthusiasm, Togolese women still do not occupy their rightful place in the country's political and management authorities. From an analysis of the tables submitted, the Report concludes that great efforts are still required if women are to be truly integrated into the country's development process at the level of decision-making. The Committee asks the Government to provide, in its future reports, information on the programmes in force or envisaged to compensate for the insufficient participation of women in the country's decision-making authorities.
2. As regards the employment of women in the private sector, the National Report includes an analysis of the employment structures by sex and branch of activity and, on the basis of the statistics for 1981 projected for 1993 (the only reliable source available), indicates the following: in 1981, 29.2 per cent of all workers in the primary sector were women compared to 27 per cent in 1993; in 1981, 2.9 per cent of all workers in the secondary sector were women compared to 3 per cent in 1993; and in 1981, 11.6 per cent of all workers in the tertiary sector were women compared to 14 per cent in 1993. Furthermore, the Report indicates that a 1996-2005 action plan for the promotion of women has been drawn up. The plan is based on the following objectives: the strengthening of the capacity of participation structures for the integration of women in development (IFD), in particular the Directorate General for the Promotion of Women; the improvement of legal status for women and the effective application of all their rights; improved access for girls to education; improved sanitary and nutritional conditions for women; and the promotion of appropriate technologies and income-generating activities for women. According to the Government, if the plan is to be implemented, considerable financial and human resources will be necessary together with a great deal of commitment and political will. However, it is still difficult to provide systematic details of all the activities which need to be conducted, something which will only be possible in the light of the initial activities implemented and certain additional studies which will be considered useful.
3. As regards training for women and girls, the Report submitted in Beijing indicates that in relation to access to education for girls and literacy for women, problems exist which are linked, in particular, to the low rate of school attendance for girls compared with boys, the large number of girls who repeat school years or abandon their studies, the absence or low level of representation of girls in certain educational disciplines such as the industrial (1 per cent), accounting (19 per cent), commerce (23 per cent) and management (16 per cent) sectors, and the high rate of illiteracy among women. The report explains these problems, which persist despite the State education policy based on equitable access for both sexes to training, in terms of the following factors: early motherhood for girls; reluctance of parents to send their daughters to school, particularly in rural areas; insufficient investment by the State and by families in education especially for girls; an excessive number of daily activities for women; and the reluctance of men to accept that women are able to read and write.
4. The Committee asks the Government to send, in its next report, information on the measures currently implemented or envisaged as part of the above-mentioned action plan for the promotion of women. In particular, it would like to receive information on the progress already made under this plan for the purposes of applying the Convention in the areas of training and access to employment not deemed to be "typically female".
The Committee takes note of the information supplied in the Government's brief report.
1. The Committee notes that, according to the report, women working in the public service comprise 20.842 per cent of the total workforce. So as to enable it to assess developments in the situation regarding women's access to employment, particularly public employment, the Committee asks the Government once again to supply detailed statistics on the distribution of men and women in the various posts in the public service and at the different levels of responsibility in its next report.
2. The Committee notes that, according to the report, the statistics requested in previous direct requests on the training and employment opportunities of women, particularly in the private sector, will be supplied when they are available. While awaiting the transmission of these statistics, it would appreciate receiving a copy of any report on the condition of Togolese women that might have been submitted to the Fourth World Conference on Women, held in Beijing in September 1995.
1. The Committee notes that the Government repeats its previous statement concerning the absence of discrimination of any form and difficulties of any kind in applying the Convention. It draws the Government's attention to paragraph 240 of its 1988 General Survey on equality in employment and occupation in which it stresses that it is difficult to accept statements to the effect that the application of the Convention gives rise to no difficulties or is fully applied, especially when no other details are given on the contents and methods of implementing the national policy on equality of opportunity and treatment in employment and occupation. The Committee therefore asks the Government - as it has been doing in its direct requests for some years - to provide detailed information on the affirmative measures taken or envisaged in practice to facilitate and encourage the access of women and disadvantaged ethnic groups to training (particularly professional and university training) and employment in all sectors of activity and occupations and at all levels of responsibility. Please refer in this connection to paragraphs 166 to 169 of the Committee's General Survey, mentioned above, in which it specifies the concept and content of affirmative action or action to correct de facto inequalities in training and employment and to promote equal opportunity and treatment for certain groups of society which suffer from discrimination, particularly women and disadvantaged ethnic groups.
2. The Committee notes that the general statistics in the report concerning the distribution of men and women concern only six ministries and not the whole of the public administration and public enterprises, as the Committee has been requesting for several years. It must therefore repeat its request for detailed and complete statistics on the staff of the whole public administration and all public enterprises, with an indication of the percentage of men and women at different levels of responsibility, together with information on the measures taken or envisaged to facilitate women's access particularly to the different jobs in the public sector, including those traditionally reserved for men and management posts.
3. With regard to the Government's previous indication concerning the computerization of the management of employment as the only means of obtaining the statistical data requested, and its statement in the latest report that such information is not yet available, the Committee hopes that in its future reports the Government will be able to provide statistics, disaggregated by sex, concerning access to training and the various jobs and occupations, particularly the data collected and published periodically by the Minister of Labour, the Ministry of National Education, the General Directorate for the Status of Women and other relevant institutions.
1. With reference to its previous comments on the insertion in the national legislation of "race" among the prohibited grounds of discrimination, the Committee notes with satisfaction that the 1980 Constitution (which did not mention "race") has been amended and replaced by the Constitution adopted by referendum on 27 September 1992 and promulgated on 14 October 1992, which ensures, in articles 2 and 11, equality before the law of all citizens and all human beings without any distinction in particular as regards extraction, race, sex, religion and political opinion, in accordance with Article 1, paragraph 1(a), of the Convention.
2. The Committee is addressing a request directly to the Government in which it raises other points.
The Committee notes the information supplied by the Government in its report in reply to its previous direct request.
1. The Committee notes the Government's statement that the Togolese administration currently employs 34,246 public servants, of which 7,243 are women. It would be grateful if the Government would supply more detailed statistics in future reports on the numbers employed by the public administration and public enterprises, with an indication of the distribution of men and women at the different levels, and information on the measures that have been taken or are envisaged to facilitate the access of women, particularly to the various jobs in the public sector, including those traditionally reserved for men.
2. The Committee notes that the report contains no reply to the other points made in its previous comments and hopes that the Government will be able to supply the necessary information in its next report on the following points:
(a) the Committee notes the Government's statement that race is implicitly included among the grounds of discrimination enumerated in national regulations. The Committee once again hopes that the Government will take the appropriate measures, in accordance with Article 1, paragraph 1(a), of the Convention, to include "race" among the grounds of discrimination set out explicitly in the national legislation in a forthcoming revision of the legislation;
(b) the Government indicates that the computerization of the management of the employment services, which is the only means of obtaining the information that is requested, is currently under way. The Committee therefore hopes that the Government will be able to supply in its next report the information requested on the activities of the ministries and departments concerned with: (a) access to vocational training; (b) access to employment and the various occupations; and (c) conditions of work (in accordance with Articles 2 and 3), and statistics by sex concerning access to training and to the various jobs and occupations.
1. With reference to its previous comments, the Committee notes the information supplied by the Government in its report. The Committee notes the Government's statement that race is implicitly included among the grounds of discrimination enumerated in national regulations. The Committee once again hopes that the Government will take the appropriate measures, in accordance with Article 1(a) of the Convention, to include "race" among the grounds of discrimination set out explicitly in the national legislation in a forthcoming revision of the legislation.
2. The Government indicates that the computerisation of the management of the employment services, which is the only means of obtaining the information that is requested, is currently under way. The Committee therefore hopes that the Government will be able to supply in its next report the information requested on the activities of the ministries and departments concerned with: (a) access to vocational training; (b) access to employment and the various occupations; and (c) conditions of work (in accordance with Articles 2 and 3) and statistics by sex concerning access to training and to the various jobs and occupations.
3. As regards the activities of the Directorate for the Advancement of Women, the Government indicates that there are 625 centres in the country for the literacy of women, with 14,398 instructors, and that women in the rural environment are trained in particular in dyeing, pottery, the smoking of fish, weaving, market gardening and the manufacture of soap. The Committee requests the Government to continue supplying information on the progress achieved in this respect.
4. The Committee notes the Government's statement that, in practice, there are no exceptions with respect to the physical conditions or specific limitations as regards the application without distinction between the sexes of the General Conditions of Service for Public Servants (section 4 of Ordinance No. 1 of 4 January 1968). The Committee once again requests the Government to indicate in its next report the number of women employed in the public administration (including those occupying posts of responsibility) and their percentage in relation to that of men.
The Committee notes the information supplied by the Government in reply to its previous comments.
1. In its comments, the Committee noted that neither the national Constitution nor the labour regulations mention "race" among the grounds of discrimination and it requested the Government to indicate the appeal channels that are available in the event of the non-observance of rights to equality of opportunity and treatment in employment on grounds of race. The Government states in reply that any victim of the non-observance of rights to equality of opportunity may bring a complaint to the labour inspection services or the labour tribunal. The Committee notes this statement and requests the Government to supply copies of judicial decisions that have been handed down in such cases and it also hopes that "race" will be included among the grounds of discrimination set out in the national regulations in a forthcoming revision of these regulations, in accordance with Article 1(a) of the Convention.
2. The Committee also requested the Government to supply detailed information on any positive measure taken in practice to promote effective equality of opportunity and treatment as regards: (a) access to vocational training, (b) access to employment and to particular occupations, and (c) terms and conditions of employment (in accordance with Articles 2 and 3). The Government indicates in this connection that there is no discrimination in the above areas and that in the employment services the preselection of workers for jobs is not subject to any discriminatory condition. The basis upon which these services put forward candidates is related especially to vocational skills, working conditions and age. The Committee notes this information and requests the Government to supply information in its next report on the activities of the employment services in the above fields and to provide statistics broken down by sex concerning access to training and to particular jobs and occupations.
3. The Committee also notes with interest that the Directorate-General for the Advancement of Women deals mainly with improving the literacy of women and girls in the rural environment and that it also runs community development micro-projects in which women are involved. The Committee would be grateful to be provided with more detailed information on the activities of this Directorate and, in particular, on the results achieved in the fields of the training and employment of women and girls in the rural environment. The Committee hopes that it will be possible to supply appropriate statistics on this subject.
4. The Committee also notes the information concerning the recruitment procedure in training schools (by competition), and the functions of the new Ministry of Technical Education and Vocational Training. The Committee requests the Government to provide fuller information on the relative roles of the new Ministry and the National Committee for Vocational Guidance and Training, which is attached to the Ministry of Labour, and particularly the measures taken by each of these two authorities to promote equality of opportunity and treatment in vocational training. The Committee would also be grateful if the Government would indicate the results achieved in this area by supplying, if possible, statistics broken down by sex on the various types of apprenticeship, vocational training and further training that are provided and on the methods employed for the guidance and promotion of skilled and managerial staff.
5. With regard to public servants, the Committee notes that their recruitment is based on competitions, without distinction based on sex, and requests the Government to indicate in its next report the number of women employed in the public service (including those in positions of responsibility) and their percentage in relation to men. As in previous comments, it also requests the Government to supply examples of the application in practice of section 4 of the General Conditions of Service for Public Servants, which provides for exceptions to equality of opportunity and treatment for the two sexes, particularly due to the specific restrictions on certain jobs set out in the special conditions of service of various types of public servants. The Committee hopes that the next report will contain this information and copies of some of the specific conditions of service (such as those applicable to the employees in a particular ministry).
6. The Committee notes that there have been no cases of dismissal under section 35 of the General Conditions of Service of Public Servants, for acts, as set out in this section, "proceeding admission to probation that would, if they had been known, have been an obstacle to recruitment". The Committee hopes that the Government will keep it informed of any new development in this connection.