Interim Report - Report No 191, March 1979

COMPLAINT CONCERNING THE OBSERVANCE BY URUGUAY OF THE FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION AND PROTECTION OF THE RIGHT TO ORGANISE CONVENTION, 1948 (No 87), AND THE RIGHT TO ORGANISE AND COLLECTIVE BARGAINING CONVENTION, 1949 (No. 98), PRESENTED BY A NUMBER OF DELEGATES TO THE 61st SESSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR CONFERENCE (1976) UNDER ARTICLE 26 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE ILO

• COMPLAINT CONCERNING THE OBSERVANCE BY URUGUAY OF THE FREEDOM OF ASSOCIATION AND PROTECTION OF THE RIGHT TO ORGANISE CONVENTION, 1948 (No 87), AND THE RIGHT TO ORGANISE AND COLLECTIVE BARGAINING CONVENTION, 1949 (No. 98), PRESENTED BY A NUMBER OF DELEGATES TO THE 61st SESSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL LABOUR CONFERENCE (1976) UNDER ARTICLE 26 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE ILO
  5. 5 A number of trade union organisations, including the WCL and the WFTU, have presented allegations of violations of freedom of association in Uruguay. In addition, three delegates to the 61st Session of the International Labour Conference (June 1976) presented a complaint under article 26 of the Constitution of the International Labour Organisation to the effect that the Government of Uruguay was not securing the effective observance of the Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention, 1948 (No. 87), and the Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949 (No. 98). Both of these instruments have been ratified by Uruguay.
  6. 6 The Committee has examined the entire affair on several occasions. In addition, a representative of the Director-General has carried out two direct contacts missions to the country (June-July 1975 and April 1977). The Committee also heard, at its sittings on 25 and 26 May 1978, representatives of the complainant organisations (WCL and WFTU) and a representative of the Minister of Labour of Uruguay. Its most recent interim conclusions were presented in its 188th Report, approved by the Governing Body at its 208th Session (November 1978).
  7. 7 Further communications were received from trade union organisations on the eve of the 208th Session and since the case was last examined: a telegram of 30 October 1978 from the Trade Unions International of Transport, Ports and Fishery Workers, a letter from the world Federation of Trade Unions dated 11 December 1978, and a communication received on 12 January 1979 from the Trade Unions International of Public and Allied Employees.
  8. 8 The Government sent further information in communications of 25 January and 12 February 1979.

A. Previous examination of the case by the Committee

1. 9. After the second direct contacts mission in Uruguay in April 1977 the Committee noted that there had been no change in the legal position of trade unions since the first mission in June and July 1975. What had changed was the factual situation: although that of the unions affiliated to the General Confederation of Workers of Uruguay (CGTU) had improved and they were able to perform certain internal activities (meetings, elections, etc.), the affiliates of the National Workers' Convention (CMT), which had been dissolved by the Government after the change of regime in 1973, appeared to have remained to a large extent inactive; many of their leaders were under arrest, had left the country or had been dismissed; the premises of certain of these unions were under police control, closed, under surveillance, etc. As for industrial relations activity, the extent of recognition of the unions of CGTU and their leaders depended on whether they were on good terms with the employers or the heads of their public administrative services. As to the unions affiliated to CMT, these did not appear to be recognised either in the private or in the public sector.
2. 10. In the information which it supplied to the Committee for its November 1977 Session, the Government referred, as it had done on earlier occasions, to the subversive activities with which it had had to deal and which had constituted the reasons for the exceptional measures taken. In this connection the Committee emphasised that there should be no confusion between trade unions' performance of their specific functions, i.e. the defence and promotion of the occupational interests of workers, and the possible pursuit by certain of their members of other activities having nothing to do with trade union functions. The penal responsibilities which such persons must incur by such acts should no way result in measures amounting to depriving the unions themselves or their leaders of their means of action. The Committee regretted that despite the time which had elapsed the trade union organisations were still encountering serious difficulties; the continuing existence of serious divergences between the Conventions on freedom of association on the one hand and national law and practice on the other was a matter for great concern.
3. 11. Shortly before the Committee's November 1978 Session the Government sent the text of a draft Bill on occupational associations prepared by a group of experts. Because this text was received at such a late date the Committee was unable to examine it in substance at that session. It noted with interest, however, that the Bill envisaged the possibility of setting up organisations of first, second and third degree. On the other hand, it stressed that the obligation of trade union leaders to make a declaration of "democratic faith" could give rise to abuses in the absence of precise criteria on which a decision of the courts could be based in the event of a trade union leader being accused of failing to abide by his declaration. On the recommendation of the Committee the Governing Body drew the attention of the Government to this latter point in November 1978. The Governing Body expressed its concern at the slowness in adopting legislation based on principles of freedom of association and requested the Government to indicate the date on which it envisaged the adoption and application of the final text of the law.
4. 12. The Committee also noted that the number of joint Committees in operation had noticeably increased. It repeated that these bodies should in no case substitute for trade union organisations and that workers' representatives on them should be freely elected without it being possible for them to be prevented from being elected because of their previous trade union activity. These bodies should, as in other countries, have a useful role to play in industrial relations but, in the present trade union situation in the country, should only be seen as a transitional measure until a legal way could be found - and this should be in the near future - for workers to be represented by trade unions. With this proviso, the Governing Body, on the recommendation of the Committee, requested the Government to continue to provide information on developments in the situation concerning these Committees.
5. 13. The Committee was also called upon to examine the cases of numerous detained trade unionists. Although the number of prisoners who had been judged by the courts was increasing, it noted, many trade unionists were still awaiting trial; some of them had been doing so for long periods. The Committee accordingly once again expressed its concern at the slowness of the judicial procedure. Furthermore, it noted that Mr. Héctor Enrique Altesor Hafliger appeared to be still in prison after the decision to abandon legal proceedings against him. The Government also stated that a certain number of the persons mentioned had been released, but did not supply details of the specific offences for which they had been prosecuted or sentenced (in particular copy of the judgements rendered). On the recommendation of the Committee the Governing Body regretted this absence of additional information.
6. 14. The complainants had also made allegations regarding conditions of imprisonment and the right to defence. In connection with the latter point, they stated that, at first, civilian lawyers had been able to carry out their functions and defend prisoners. This situation had deteriorated progressively and they had been confronted with obstacles in the exercise of their profession, especially as regards being able to communicate with their clients. Subsequently, stated the complainants, lawyers had been arrested and accused, for example, of complicity with the prisoners; others had been threatened and had left the country. Those who were released could no longer exercise their professional activities. As for the detained workers, they were informed, often after lengthy imprisonment, that they must choose a lawyer in 48 hours. Having no contact with the outside they were obliged to accept a lawyer appointed on their behalf so that the trial was not delayed further. In this connection, one of the representatives of the complainant organisations at the Committee's sittings of 25 and 26 May 1978, who was arrested in 1973 and again in 1976, described his personal case and the torture to which he had been subjected. He added that all prisoners were tortured. Other allegations referred to cases of ill treatment suffered even recently by imprisoned trade unionists (Mr. Iguini).
7. 15. The Government had not replied to the allegations concerning ill-treatment inflicted on prisoners and the precarious nature of the right to defence. The Committee considered that detailed replies on this vitally important aspect of the case would enable it to ascertain whether the trade unionists mentioned by the complainants were enjoying full guarantees as regards the conditions of their imprisonment and the right to defence. The Governing Body also regretted the absence of observations from the Government on these aspects of the case. Moreover, according to certain allegations, Mr. Hugo Pereyra, a builders' trade union leader, had died as a result of ill-treatment. The Committee also requested the Government to state whether any investigation had been made into the circumstances of his death and to communicate the results of such investigations.
8. 16. On the recommendation of the Committee the Governing Body requested the Government to transmit information and observations on the various aspects of the case. In particular, it requested the Government to communicate detailed information on the situation of the trade unionists listed in the Annex to the 188th Report in respect of whom it had not yet supplied details, and on the investigations made in the case of Mr. Hugo Pereyra (paragraph 12) and on the present situation of Mr. Altesor Hafliger (paragraph 9).

B. Recent communications received

1. 17. The Trade Unions International of Transport, Ports and Fishery Workers protests in general terms against trade union persecution in the country in its telegram of 30 October 1978. In a letter of 11 December 1978 the World Federation of Trade Unions, on the basis of statements by the relatives of the person concerned, alleges that Oscar Tassino Atzu was arrested on 19 July 1978 at a certain address in Montevideo by a member of the joint armed forces and that he has since then disappeared; it has not been possible to discover his whereabouts despite repeated approaches by his relatives to the military authorities and the police. This information, adds the WFTU, contradicts that given by the Government to the Committee for its November 1978 Session (according to this information Mr. Tassino Atzu had been arrested on to February 1978 but had been released the same day). The WFTU states that it has fears for the life of Mr. Tassino Atzu. The Trade Unions International of Public and Allied Employees, for its part, alleges, in a communication received on 12 January 1979, that the trade union leader Adolfo Drescher was transferred from his place of imprisonment two weeks earlier and that he has since then disappeared; in this case, too, the complainant organisation says that it has fears for Mr. Drescher's life.
2. 18. In its letter of 25 January 1979 the Government stresses, in connection with the legislation on occupational associations which it has announced, that its main objective is national reconstruction, which needs to be carried out at a reasonable pace. This process, it adds, includes the adoption of trade union legislation to guarantee workers' rights and to protect them in the defence of their interests. It is taking place more rapidly than foreseen. The Government stresses that its attitude is one of permanent co-operation with the ILO, to which it has furnished an unlimited supply of information on the process on which it has embarked. As regards the date envisaged for the adoption and application of the final text of the law, the Government considers that it is hazardous to name definite dates: consultations must be held on the draft Bill and comments supplied as regards its content; the next stage, which will follow immediately, will be the preparation of the Bill to be sent to the Council of State for this legislative organ to discuss, analyse and finally approve the law. The Government nevertheless states that it is determined to pass legislation in the near future.
3. 19. As regards the obligation placed by the draft Bill on trade unionists to make a declaration of "democratic faith" the Government remarks that this arises out of section 82 of the Constitution of the Republic, under which the nation has adopted a democratic republican form of government; respect for this provision is a basic and imperative requirement for citizens. The obligation laid on trade union leaders is not discriminatory either in form or in substance; it cannot give rise to abuses since the criterion to be applied is expressly stated in the Constitution. The purpose of this provision is to prevent trade union officials from using their position to make attacks by unlawful means on the democratic republican order enshrined in the Constitution. Moreover, this obligation has existed for many years under Acts Nos. 10,388 of 13 February 1943 and 14,248 of 1 August 1974 (respecting the status of public officials), as well as under Act No. 11,925 of 27 March 1953, which are all quoted in the draft Bill.
4. 20. The Government next supplies the following statistics on the joint Committees: 18 are in operation in the textile industries, electricity, the chemical industries, and the sugar and tobacco industries; 38 others are in the course of Constitution and will shortly be established in the private banking sector, the glass industry, the dairy products industry, the metallurgical industry, the textile industry, the race tracks, cloth manufacturing, and the manufacture of containers.
5. 21. The Governing Body regretted the absence of additional information on the precise allegations made against the trade unionists who had been prosecuted or sentenced (including copies of the judgements) and the absence of observations on the allegations concerning ill-treatment of prisoners and obstruction of their right of defence. In this connection the Government states that it has answered all the requests addressed to it and has supplied a vast volume of facts and all the additional information asked for. What is more, it has done this although the requests in a large number of cases referred to persons who were not trade union leaders but who were merely involved in offences under the ordinary or military penal codes. The judgements, continues the Government, are a matter for the competent judicial bodies and the persons concerned. The sections of the penal code quoted are self-explanatory and show that the parsons concerned were prosecuted for offences and not because they were trade union officials. According to the Government the information provided so far is clear evidence that all the prisoners have now been brought before the competent judicial authorities and that their right of defence has not been obstructed. The Government rejects the complaints concerning ill-treatment of prisoners, which are, it says, couched in general and imprecise terms and are unaccompanied by the merest shred of evidence; the Government considers that it is its duty to defend itself against mere presumptions put forward in a spirit of utter irresponsibility.
6. 22. In addition, the Government supplies information on all the trade unionists listed in the Annex to the 188th Report, apart from the persons who have been unconditionally released (including Oscar Tassino Atzu, who is again mentioned by the complainants as having been arrested): the situation of most of these trade unionists remains unchanged; information supplied on the others is contained in the Annex to the present report. In particular, the Government mentions that Héctor Enrique Altesor Hafliger left the country on 12 March 1976 after a court decision to abandon his case on 4 June 1975. The Government also recalls that it has already supplied a report on the autopsy carried out on Hugo Pereira Cunha who, according to some allegations, was said to have died as a result of ill-treatment; according to this report, death had been caused by a blood clot followed by a haemorrhage; the Government communicates the text of the court decision to close the proceedings relating to Mr. Pereira's death. In the preamble to this decision it is stated that Mr. Pereira died at the central hospital of the armed forces, but that the investigation, which was conducted in accordance with military court procedure, was dropped in the absence of any proof that a crime had been committed. In a communication of 12 February 1979, the Government states that Adolfo Drescher had, on 7 November 1978, been brought before the military court on the basis of the following crimes: subversive association (section 60V of the Military Penal Code), theft (section 340 of the ordinary Penal Code), forgery and alteration of official documents by a private individual (section 237 of the same Code).

C. Conclusions of the Committee

1. 23. The Committee takes note of this information. The Government has already declared on an earlier occasion that the normalisation of the trade union situation has to be analysed within the broader framework of the political and institutional normalisation of the country. In this connection the Committee emphasised that, although respect for freedom of association is closely bound up with respect for civil liberties in general, as was stated by the International Labour Conference in 1970 in the resolution concerning trade union rights and their relation to civil liberties, it was nevertheless important, with this reservation, to distinguish between the recognition of freedom of association and questions relating to a country's political evolution. The Committee remains convinced that trade union legislation and the reform of a country's political institutions are two separate matters, and that it is urgent for trade unions to be allowed to carry on their activities without hindrance, in law as well as in fact, since this is a necessary precondition for the establishment of a harmonious system of industrial relations. The adoption of a law on occupational associations should be a decisive step in this direction. The Committee trusts that this law will enter into force in the very near future.
2. 24. The Committee has examined the provisions of the draft Bill on occupational associations, a copy of which was communicated to it by the Government shortly before the November 1978 Session. This text, as the Committee has already had occasion to remark, has certain positive features, such as the right to form occupational associations without previous authorisation and to set up second and third-degree organisations. Nevertheless, as regards a number of other provisions which do not appear to be fully compatible with certain principles of freedom of association, the Committee feels obliged to make observations with a view to the re-examination of the provisions in order to ensure that the legislation which is shortly to be adopted is in conformity with these principles and with the Conventions on freedom of association ratified by Uruguay.
3. 25. The Committee has already remarked that the obligation laid on trade union leaders to make a declaration of "democratic faith" may give rise to abuses. The draft Bill does not state what specific acts are deemed to constitute breaches of faith in democracy, and thus renders legal supervision of the application of this provision impossible. The other conditions of eligibility for trade union office - which differ from those required of leaders of employers' associations - also impose restrictions on the right of workers to elect their representatives in full freedom. In particular, under sections 4 and 5 of the draft Bill read in conjunction, trade union officials must have belonged to the branch of activity represented by the union for at least two years. The Committee has already pointed out in other cases that, if such a requirement applied to all office-holders in trade union organisations, it would be incompatible with the principles of freedom of association.
4. 26. As regards the establishment of trade union organisations, the Committee is of the opinion that workers should be able to decide whether they prefer to establish, at the primary level, a works union - the only possibility allowed under section 6 of the draft Bill, apart from certain exceptions - or another form of basic organisation, such as an industrial or craft union.
5. 27. The aims of the organisation must, according to section 17 of the draft Bill, be exclusively occupational and have no reference to politics. In this connection, the Committee has already expressed the view, in an earlier case concerning Uruguay, that a general prohibition of political activities of any kind would not seem to be compatible with the principles and guarantees of Convention No. 87, and it would also seem to be unrealistic as regards its application in actual practice. For instance, trade unions may wish to make publicly known their position on matters of economic and social policy which affect their members. The Committee added that States should be able, without prohibiting in general terms political activities by occupational organisations, to entrust to the judicial authorities the task of repressing abuses which might, in certain cases, be committed by organisations which had lost sight of the fact that their fundamental objective should be the economic and social advancement of their members. Furthermore, a number of sections of the draft Bill prescribe that organisations and their members must respect the law of the land (sections 17, 20 and 39). In this connection, the Committee wishes to recall the provisions of Article 8 of Convention No. 87, which states that in exercising the rights provided for in the Convention workers and their organisations, like other persons or organised collectivities, shall respect the law of the land, which shall not be such as to impair, nor shall it be so applied as to impair, the guarantees provided for in Convention No. 87. The Committee accordingly wishes to point out that the national provisions on the settlement of collective labour disputes and strikes, on the right of assembly or freedom of expression for organised workers, must be in conformity with the principles of freedom of association.
6. 28. The draft Bill also regulates in considerable detail various aspects of the internal administration of trade unions; occupational associations may at any time be called upon to supply reports on their activities to the authorities (section 23); trade union assemblies may not last more than four hours and must have a quorum of at least 30 per cent of the members (section 25). It is compulsory to vote at trade union elections (section 26); a plebiscite is required for the examination of draft collective agreements (section 27); members who abstain from voting during elections or plebiscites are suspended for one year (section 28); when trade union organisations act in a representative capacity, the votes taken must be public (section 33); at the time of elections and plebiscites various formalities must be complied with at the Ministry of Labour and Social Welfare (registry of lists and notifications the nature of which is not specified in the draft Bill; section 35); lower-level trade unions are responsible for decisions taken by higher-level organisations, unless their representatives on the executive have voted against the decision engaging their responsibility or if they are disavowed by the organisation in such a manner that the decision may be reconsidered (section 29).
7. 29. Even if some of these provisions may be designed to secure more efficient operation of trade union organisations, the Committee wishes to recall that Articles 3 and 6 of Convention No. 87 protect the autonomy of these organisations; in particular, they guarantee the right of workers' organisations to elect their representatives in full freedom, to organise their administration and activities and to formulate their programmes. The Convention adds that the public authorities shall refrain from any interference which would restrict this right or impede the lawful exercise thereof. In the above-mentioned case concerning Uruguay, the Committee considered that legislation which minutely regulates the internal election procedures of a trade union is incompatible with the rights afforded to trade anions by the Convention it also considered that legislation imposing penalties on workers who do not participate in elections is not in harmony with the provisions of the Convention. Generally speaking, as indicated, the principles established in Article 3 of the Convention do not prevent the control of the internal acts of a trade union if those internal acts violate legal provisions or union rules. Nevertheless, in order to guarantee an impartial and objective procedure, this control should be exercised by the competent judicial authorities. The Committee is of the opinion that these considerations are also valid in the present case as regards the various provisions mentioned in the previous paragraph. The idea underlying Article 3 of Convention No. 87 is that workers and employers should be allowed to decide for themselves what rules should be observed for the administration of their organisations and elections held therein.
8. 30. The various obligations mentioned in the foregoing paragraph constitute conditions for the registration of a trade union - which is compulsory (section 16) and necessary for the granting of legal personality (section 21) - and failure to comply with them can result in deregistration. The labour authorities are competent to permit or refuse registration (section 18), but in accordance with Constitutional principles (sections 309 ff of the Constitution) a petition against an administrative decision may be filed with a court of law. Furthermore, under sections 20 and 34 of the draft Bill, the courts are competent to decide on the suspension of the association and the cancellation of registration. Nevertheless, if the draft were to be adopted in its present form, magistrates would be under the obligation, in the event of refusal or withdrawal of registration, to apply provisions which are not, as already mentioned, fully compatible with the provisions of Convention No. 87.
9. 31. Moreover, the number of joint Committees in operation in undertakings has not increased beyond the figures given in November 1978, although the Government stated in May 1978 that a figure of 210 Committees would be reached after a period of 4 to 5 months.
10. 32. The Committee notes the information supplied on the numerous trade unionists who are under arrest, in which the Government reports six further cases of conditional or unconditional release. As regards the persons who are still under arrest the Government confines itself to quoting sections of the ordinary or military penal codes under which trade unionists have been prosecuted or sentenced by military courts, that is to say it indicates the kinds of acts which they have committed or allegedly committed, but it does not supply details of the specific offences with which they are charged in each case; nor has it communicated the texts of the judgements rendered in each case, as requested by the Governing Body. At an earlier stage of examination of this case, the Government supplied information of this kind during a direct contacts mission; the information gathered gave the impression that the criminal proceedings set in motion were aimed first of all at activities of a political character considered by the Government to endanger security and public order. However, the representative of the Director-General found that some of the charges were accompanied by other accusations linked to the activities of the CNT, which was dissolved by the Government in 1973. In a smaller number of cases the Committee noted that the persons concerned had been arrested for reasons which could be considered as being linked solely with their trade union activities.
11. 33. As the Committee has already pointed out in connection with the present case, where persons have been sentenced on grounds having no relation to trade union rights the matter falls outside its competence. It has nevertheless emphasised that the question whether such a matter is one relating to a criminal offence or to the exercise of trade union rights is not one which can be determined unilaterally by the government concerned. If in certain cases the Committee has reached the conclusion that allegations relating to measures taken against trade unionists did not call for further examination, this was only after it had received information from the Government showing sufficiently precisely and with sufficient detail that the measures were in no way occasioned by trade union activities but solely by activities outside the trade union sphere which were either prejudicial to public order or of a political nature. In such cases, the Committee, taking the view that individuals have the right to be presumed innocent until found guilty, has considered that it was incumbent upon the Government to show that the measures it had taken were in no way occasioned by the trade union activities of the individual concerned. In the present case, and in the absence of more detailed information, the Committee has no facts at its disposal enabling it to ascertain whether the trade unionists were sentenced purely for reasons unconnected with their trade union office or activities.
12. 34. The Committee also regrets that the Government has not supplied detailed observations on the allegations relating to the precariousness of the right to defence and the ill-treatment allegedly suffered by certain prisoners whom the complainants mention by name. The Committee notes, however, that the investigation into the death of Hugo Pereira Cunha has been dropped for lack of any evidence that the crime was committed by the military. Furthermore, the complainants state that Oscar Tassino Atzu (a UTE trade union official) has not been released, as stated by the Government in information communicated to the Committee, but that he was arrested on 19 July 1978.

Z. Annex

• Information on the trade unionists mentioned by the complainants
• Most information communicated by the Government
  1. 1 Released:
• Altesor Hafliger, Héctor Enrique
• Maltos Ramos, José Antonio (has served his sentence)
  2. 2 Provisionally released:
• Carrasco de Armas, Juan Rosa
• Fernández López, Niurka
• Passarini Suárez, Pedro Abel
• Spinetti Iturralde, Julio César
  3. 3 Persons against whom legal proceedings have been abandoned
• Pérez, Gualberto
• Fernández Nieves, No (alleged by the complainants to have died during imprisonment)
  4. 4 Being prosecuted by the military courts for alleged subversive activities, etc.:
• Deus Martínez, Miriam Rita
• Drescher Caldas, Adolfo
• Gómez, Juan Felipe
• Trelles Merido, Gualberto
  5. 5 Sentenced:
• Acosta Pereira, Mario (4 years' imprisonment)
• Altuna Fernández, Elsa Zulma (6 years' imprisonment)
• Bardacosta Etcheverria, Néstor Hugo (6 years' imprisonment)
• Carissimi Pino, Miguel Angel (6 years' imprisonment)
• Carranza Vigano, Jorge Eduardo (4 years' imprisonment)
• Carnio Elcarte, Pablo Emilio (4 years' imprisonment)
• Fernández Rodriguez, Alberto Leonardo (5 years' imprisonment)
• García Passeggi, Silvia (4 years and 6 months' imprisonment)
• Gómez Duarte, Juan Bautista (18 months' imprisonment)
• Marrero Fuentes, Hernando José (5 years' imprisonment)
• Planellos Milán, Edison (6 years' imprisonment)
• Ruiz Lavin, Oscar Pulcineo (7 years' imprisonment)
• Suárez Turcati, Alicia Dinonan (24 months' imprisonment)
• Zapico Burcio, Ricardo (4 years' imprisonment)
  6. 6 Deceased:
• Pereira Cunha, Hugo
  7. 7 Persons in respect of whom no information has been supplied:
• Aldobandi, Pedro
• Alzueta Mederos, Ciriaco Florentino
• Baccino, Rafil
• Betancur, Pedro
• Casartelli, Victorio
• Chiminelli, Oscar
• Delgado Larrosa, Freddy
• De los Santos
• Doglio, Menardo
• Escudero, Julio
• Ferrari, Julio
• Ferreira, Paulina
• González, Serafin
• Iglesias, J.
• López, Antonio
• López, Vicente
• Minetti, Santiago
• Osorio, Herminda
• Quiroga, Pedro
• Ramos Alboa, Ricardo Wilfredo
• Rodríguez, Celso
• Santana
• Santos, Antonio
• Vásquez, Sonia
• The Government has given no information on the present situation of the following trade unionist:
• Tassino Atzu, Oscar (UTE trade union leader).