Observation (CEACR) - adoptée 2021, publiée 110ème session CIT (2022)

Repetition

Articles 1 and 2 of the Convention. Assessing and addressing the gender pay gap. The Committee recalls the lack of legislation requiring equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value. The Committee previously noted the Guidelines issued by the Tripartite Alliance for Fair Employment Practices (TAFEP) on 3 May 2007, which include a section on remuneration stating that “[e]mployers should pay employees wages commensurate with the value of the job […] regardless of age, gender, race, religion and family status, employees should be paid and rewarded based on their performance, contribution and experience”. It notes, from the TAFEP’s website, that as of September 2019, 7,144 organizations have signed the Employers’ Pledge for Fair Employment Practices, which is a public commitment from employers to create fair and inclusive workplaces according to the TAFEP’s Guidelines. The Committee notes the Government’s statement, in its report that, in July 2017, Tripartite Standards (TSes) were introduced to enhance fair and progressive employment practices on flexible work agreements, recruitment practices and unpaid leave for unexpected care needs. Noting that the TAFEP continued training workshops to assist employers implementing fair and progressive employment practices, the Committee notes the Government’s indication that the Human Capital Partnership (HCP) Programme was launched in 2017 by tripartite partners to “grow an inclusive community of progressive employers”, and will be managed by the TAFEP. The Committee however observes that the Government does not provide information on any measures taken by the TAFEP to promote specifically the principle of equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value. While noting the Government’s statement that the gender pay gap was estimated at 11.8 per cent in 2017 with broad-based improvement across most occupational groups, the Committee notes, from the statistical information provided by the Government, that in 2017 the median gross monthly salary of women employed in the same occupational category as men was systematically lower than that of men, except for clerical support workers where it was slightly higher. It notes in particular that the gender wage gap was estimated at 12.2 per cent for managers and administrators; 18.7 for working proprietors; 14.4 for professionals and still remains wider for craftsmen and related trades workers (22.3 per cent) and plant and machine operators and assemblers (19.1 per cent). The Committee notes the Government’s indication that the wage gap can be attributed to the fact that women are more likely to exit the workforce or have intermittent patterns of work, for reasons such as childcare and the care of the elderly. The Government adds that its approach to address the gender pay gap is to empower women with choices to stay in the workforce, instead of having to exit it to fulfil caregiving responsibilities. In this regard, the Committee welcomes the adoption and implementation of measures to assist women to enter, re-enter or remain in the workforce, including through flexible working arrangements and the introduction of measures to encourage shared parental responsibilities (such as a two weeks paid paternity leave and the possibility for fathers to share up to four weeks of their wife’s maternity leave). The Committee however notes that, in its 2017 concluding observations, the United Nations (UN) Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) remained concerned about: (i) the persistent gender wage gap in all occupational categories, except clerical support; (ii) the continued vertical and horizontal occupational segregation in both the public and private sectors; (iii) the persistence of discriminatory stereotypes about the role of women as primary caregivers, including as caregivers of older persons; (iv) the fact that women still remain underrepresented in traditionally male-dominated fields of study, such as engineering, electronics and information technology, at the tertiary level; as well as (v) the underrepresentation of women on corporate boards, notwithstanding their high educational and professional achievements and qualifications. The Committee further notes that the CEDAW recommended that “the Government reduces the gender wage gap by regularly reviewing wages in sectors in which women are concentrated and by establishing effective monitoring and regulatory mechanisms for employment and recruitment to ensure that the principle of equal pay for work of equal value is adhered to in all sectors” (CEDAW/C/SGP/CO/5, 21 November 2017, paragraphs 18, 26, 28 and 29). The Committee notes that the CEDAW, as well as the UN Independent Expert on the enjoyment of all human rights by older persons, also expressed specific concern that older women frequently lack sufficient savings to sustain a living as a result of the gender pay gap, a lack of employment opportunities and their caregiving responsibilities, and are therefore forced to continue to work beyond their retirement age in low-paid and low-skilled occupations (CEDAW/C/SGP/CO/5, 21 November 2017, paragraph 38 and A/HRC/36/48/Add.1, 31 May 2017, paragraphs 27 and 93). In light of the absence of a legislative framework providing for equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value and the persistence of significant gender wage gaps, in particular in sectors where women are traditionally concentrated, the Committee asks the Government to take proactive measures, including legislative measures in the framework of the Tripartite Alliance for Fair Employment Practices, to establish the principle of the Convention and raise awareness among workers, employers and their respective organizations, as well as among law enforcement officials of the right to equal remuneration for men and women for work of equal value. It also asks the Government to continue to take measures to address the underlying causes of the gender wage gap, such as vertical and occupational gender segregation and stereotypes relating to the aspirations, preferences and abilities of women, including by encouraging girls and women to choose non-traditional fields of study and professions and promoting their access to jobs with career prospects and higher pay. The Committee asks the Government to continue to provide statistical information on the level of earnings of men and women, disaggregated by economic activity and occupational group, both in the public and private sectors.