Observation (CEACR) - adoptée 2022, publiée 111ème session CIT (2023)

Repetition

Articles 1 and 2 of the Convention. Discrimination based on religion. Access to education, training and employment. The Committee notes, from the European Commission’s website, that a draft bill to amend the Romanian Education Law was filed on 2 December 2017 and received a positive advisory opinion from the Economic and Social Council on 9 January 2018. The bill proposes the following additions to section 7 of the Education Law: “for the purpose of facilitating the identification of persons in educational units, institutions and all spaces used for education and professional training, it is prohibited to cover one’s face with any material which make it difficult to recognize the face, except for medical reasons. Infringement of these provisions constitutes a reason to deny access to the perimeter of the educational units, institutions and spaces for education and professional training.” The sanction, introduced as an amendment to section 360(1) of the Education Law would be a fine ranging from 5,000 to 50,000 Romanian Leu (RON) (approximately €1,100 to €11,000). The Committee notes that, if adopted, this new provision will be discriminatory towards those Muslim women and girls who wear a full face veil in terms of their access to educational or training institutions and might therefore limit their opportunities to find and exercise employment in the future – for reasons associated with their religious convictions, contrary to the Convention.Noting that this provision of the draft bill may have a discriminatory effect towards Muslim women who wear a full-face veil in terms of their possibilities of finding and exercising employment, the Committee requests the Government to provide information on: how it is ensured that this provision of the draft bill will not have the effect of reducing the opportunities of girls and women to access education and finding employment in the future; (ii) the progress of the draft bill in the legislative process; and (iii) to supply information on the number of girls and women who might be affected by the implementation of this new provision.

Articles 1(2) and 4. Discrimination based on political opinion. Inherent requirements of the job. Activities prejudicial to the security of the State. For a number of years, the Committee has been drawing the Government’s attention to the fact that the restriction set by section 54(j) of Act No. 188/1999, which provides that “to hold public office a person shall meet the following conditions: ... (j) shall not have been carrying out an activity in the political police as defined by the law”, could amount to discrimination on the basis of political opinion because it applies broadly to the entire public service rather than to specific jobs, functions or tasks. In its previous report, the Government had explained that, in order to clarify the legal norm and remove any possible inconsistency with the Convention, it had proposed an amendment to the current text of section 54(j) of Act No. 188/1999 as follows:“… was not a worker of the Securitate or a collaborator thereof, as provided by specific legislation». According to the Government, “specific legislation” refers to section 2 of Ordinance No. 24/2008 which defines an “employee of Securitate” and a “collaborator of Securitate”. While understanding the Government’s concerns regarding the requirement for all government unit members to be loyal to the State, the Committee had drawn attention to the fact that, for such measures not to be deemed discriminatory under Article 4 of the Convention relating to activities prejudicial to the security of the State, they must affect an individual on account of activities he or she is justifiably suspected or proven to have undertaken. These measures become discriminatory when taken simply by reason of membership to a particular group or community. They must refer to activities that are objectively prejudicial to the security of the State and the individual concerned must have the right to appeal to a competent body in accordance with national practice (see 2012 General Survey on the fundamental Conventions, paragraphs 832–835). The Committee therefore requested the Government to specify and define the functions in respect of which section 54(j) of Act No. 188/1999 would apply and to provide information on its application in practice. The Committee notes that the Government’s report does not contain any information in this regard. It notes, however, that the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) (Naidin v. Romania, No. 38162/07) held that the barring of a former collaborator of the political police from public service employment was justified by the loyalty expected from all civil servants towards the democratic regime. In this regard, the Committee recalls that, under Article 1(2), political opinion may be taken into account as an inherent requirement of a particular position involving special responsibilities in relation to developing government policy, which is not the case of section 54(j) given that it applies to any state civil service position, whatever the level of responsibility. Further, the Committee recalls that the principle of proportionality must apply and that the exception under Article 4 should be interpreted strictly.The Committee urges the Government to take the necessary steps to amend section 54(j) of Act No. 188/1999 or to adopt other measures clearly stipulating and defining the functions to which this section applies. It also asks the Government to provide information on the application of section 54(j) of Act No. 188/1999 in practice, including information on the number of persons dismissed or whose application has been rejected pursuant to this section, the reasons for these decisions and the functions concerned, as well as information on the appeal procedure available to the affected persons and any appeals lodged and their results.